AS 3704 pdf download – Geosynthetics—Glossary of terms

AS 3704 pdf download – Geosynthetics—Glossary of terms
spray bonding
A process that uses droplets of an adhesive sprayed on to thefibre web or batt to achieve bonding.
spun bonding
A continuous method of making non-woven fabrics in which
spun laid
filaments are extruded and laid down in the form of a web andbonded.
stitch bonding
A process that uses suitable stitching techniques to achievebonding. A stitch-bonded fabric is usually a multicomponent onein which one component is a series of interlooped stitchesrunning along the fabric length,e.g.,a fibre web bonded bystitching yarns.
heat bonding
A process in which a web or batt of fibres containing heat-
thermal bonding
sensitive material is bonded by the application of heat with orwithout the application of pressure. The heat sensitive materialmay be in the form of fibres, bicomponent fibres, or powders.
breaking stress
The maximum stress developed in a test specimen at the point ofrupture.The force applied is usually related to the cross-sectionalarea of the unstrained specimen.
breaking tensile strength
See strength.
bulk sample
See sample.
bursting strength
See strength.
calender
A machine in which heavy rollers rotate under mechanical orhydraulic pressure. The rollers may be unheated, or one may be athick-walled steel shell heated internally.All rollers may rotate atthe same speed or one highly polished and heated roller mayrotate at a higher surface speed than the rest.
calendering
A method of making a thermal bond in which calender rollers areused to apply heat and pressure，thus causing bonding by thesoftening or melting of the heat-sensitive material.
characteristic value
The value of a material property which generally corresponds to afractile of the assumed statistical distribution of the particularproperty of the material specified by relevant Standards andtested under specific conditions.
chemical bonding
See bonding.
coefficient of permeability
See permeability.
coefficient of variation
The standard deviation expressed as a percentage of the meanvalue.
composite geotextile
see geotextile.
conditioning
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standard atmosphere for testing.)
constant-rate-of-extension
A testing machine in which the rate of extension of the specimen
(CRE) tensile testing machine
is constant with respect to time.
Term
Definition
continuous filament
A fibre of indefinite length.
continuous filament yarn
A yarn of one or more filaments that run essentially the wholelength of the yarn. (See also filament.)
NOTE: Yarns of one or more filaments are usually referred to asmonofilaments or multifilaments respectively.
course
A term applied to knitted fabrics describing a succession or rowof knitted loops or stitches across the width of the fabric,usuallyperpendicular to the wales. (See also wales.)
creep
The time-dependent deformation of a material due to theapplication of a continuing and constant force.
cross-machine direction
See direction.
CRE testing machine
See constant-rate-of-extension tensile testing machine.
degradation
The reduction， over a period of time,in one or more physicalproperties of a geotextile due to external agencies. Such agenciesmay include abrasion,weathering,sunlight,ultraviolet light,chemicals, pollutants,soil burial,and various combinationsthereof.
accelerated degradation
Degradation induced for testing purposes at a rate faster than thatapplying in normal in-service conditions.
actinic degradation
Degradation of fibres or fabrics due to exposure to solarradiation.
ultraviolet degradation
Degradation of fibres or fabrics due to exposure to ultravioletradiation.
denier
A unit of linear density, equal to the mass, in grams,of 9000 m ofa filament or yarn. (See also linear density and text.)
direction
cross-machine direction
The direction in a machine-made fabric，perpendicular to thedirection of motion of the material through the processingmachine.
machine direction
The direction in a machine-made fabric，parallel to the directionof motion of the material through the processing machine.
normal direction
The direction perpendicular to the plane of the geotextile.
planar direction
Any direction in the plane of the geotextile.
drainage
The collecting and transporting of precipitation，ground waterand/or other fluids.
durability
The ability of a geotextile to retain its original properties over aperiod of time.(See also degradation.)
electrokinetic geosynthetic
A composite material that may provide filtration，drainage andreinforcement, in addition to electrical conduction.